Valentine’s Day may come from the ancient Roman feast of Lupercalia.【C1】_____the fierce wolves roamed nearby, the old Romans called【C2】__the god Lupercus to help them. A festival in his【C3】__was held on February 15th. On the eve of the festival the【C4】__of the girls were written on【C5】__of paper and placed in jars. Each young man【C6】__a slip. The girl whose name was【C7】_____was to be his sweetheart for the year.

Legend【C8】_____it that the holiday became Valentine’s Day【C9】__a Roman priest named Valentine. Emperor Claudius II【C10】__the Roman soldiers NOT to marry or become engaged. Claudius felt married soldiers would【C11】__stay home than fight. When Valentine【C12】__the Emperor and secretly married the young couples, he was put to death on February 14th, the【C13】__of Lupercalia. After his death, Valentine became a【C14】__. Christian priests moved the holiday from the 15th to the 14th—Valentine’s Day. Now the holiday honors Valentine【C15】_____of Lupercus.

Valentine’s Day has become a major【C16】_____of love and romance in the modern world. The ancient god Cupid and his【C17】__into a lover’s heart may still be used to【C18】__falling in love or being in love. But we also use cards and gifts, such as flowers or jewelry, to do this.【C19】__to give flowers to a wife or sweetheart on Valentine’s Day can sometimes be as【C20】_____as forgetting a birthday or a wedding anniversary.

People thinking about the origin of language for the first time usually arrive at the conclusion that it developed gradually as a system of grunts, hisses and cries and【C1】_____a very simple affair【C2】__.【C3】__, when we observe the language behaviour of【C4】__we regard as primitive cultures, we find it【C5】_____complicated.

It was believed that an Eskimo must have at the tip of his tongue a vocabulary of more than 10,000 words【C6】_____to get along reasonably well, much larger than the【C7】__vocabulary of an average businessman who speaks English.【C8】__these Eskimo words are far more highly inflected than【C9】__of any of the well-known European languages, for a【C10】__noun can be spoken or written in【C11】__hundred different forms, each 【C12】__a precise meaning different from【C13】__of any other. The forms of the verbs are even more【C14】__. The Eskimo language is,【C15】__one of the most difficult in the world to learn,【C16】__the result that almost no traders or explorers have【C17】_____tried to learn it.

【C18】_____, there has grown up, in communication between Eskimos and whites, a jargon【C19】__to the pidgin English used in Old China, with a vocabulary of from 300 to 600 uninflected words. Most of them are derived from Eskimo but some are derived from English, Daish, Spanish, Hawaiian and other languages. It is this jargon that is usually【C20】_____by travellers as “the Eskimo language”.