The ancient Greeks developed basic memory systems called Mnemonics. The name is 【B1】______ from their Goddess of Memory, Mnemosene. In the ancient world, a trained memory was an 【B2】______ asset, particularly in public life. There were no 【B3】______ devices for taking notes and early Greek orators (演说家) delivered long speeches with great 【B4】______ because they learned their speeches using Mnemonic systems.

The Greeks discovered that human memory is 【B5】______ an associative process—that it works by linking things together. For example, think of an apple. The 【B6】______ your brain registers the word “apple”, it 【B7】______ the shape, color, taste, smell and 【B8】______ of that fruit. All these things are associated in your memory with the word “apple”.

【B9】__________________. An example could be when you think about a

lecture you have had. This could trigger a memory about what you were talking about through that lecture, which can then trigger another memory.

【B10】_______________. An example given on a website I was looking at follows: Do you remember the shape of Austria, Canada, Belgium or Germany? Probably not. What about Italy, though? 【B11】_______________. You made an association with something already known—the shape of a boot. And Italy’s shape could not be forgotten once you’ve made the association.

【B11】