The relationship between language learning strategy preferences

and English proficiency among students puzzles many English learners.

Language teachers and researchers have long observed that some

learners acquire English as the second or foreign language more quickly 【M1】__________

and effectively than others. The nature of this marking discrepancy 【M2】__________

among learners has captured the attention of practitioners and researchers

worldwide. Over the past four decades, researchers have identified a

number of cognitive, affective, and sociocultural factors such as 【M3】__________

significantly contributing to this variety in second language acquisition. 【M4】__________

From this body of research, language learning strategies consistently

have emerged as a particularly significant variable. LLSs are defined as

“specific actions taking by the learner to make learning faster, more 【M5】__________

enjoyable, more self-directed, more effective, and more transferable to

new situations”. Stated other way, learning strategies are “measures that 【M6】__________

students can take to promote their own learning success”. Although

other scholars within the field of SLA have conceptualized and classified

learning strategies in a variety of ways, Oxford developed the most

comprehensible model to date. Oxford designed a strategy assessment 【M7】__________

survey based on her classification system. This assessment tool, the

Strategy Inventory for Language Learning, is current recognized as the 【M8】__________

most comprehensive instrument for identifying strategy preferences of

language learners. As of 1995, it had been used in over 45 major studies

involving in approximately 8,500 learners worldwide. Research findings 【M9】__________

from these studies involving SILL learning strategies have recurrently

indicated significant variation in learning strategy preferences based a 【M10】_________

number of learner variables, including gender, motivation, setting,

cultural background, attitudes/beliefs, learning styles, and language

proficiency.

【M5】