Sociolinguistics differs from sociology of language which focuses on

the effect of language on society. It overlaps to a considerate degree 【M1】__________

with pragmatics. It is historically closely related to linguistic

anthropology, and the distinction between the two fields have even been 【M2】__________

questioned recently. It also studies how language varieties differ between

groups separating by certain social variables and how creation and 【M3】__________

adherence with these rules is used to categorize individuals in social or 【M4】__________

socioeconomic classes. With the usage of a language varies from place to 【M5】__________

place, language usage also varies among social classes, and it is these

sociolects that sociolinguistics studies.

The social aspects of language were in the modern sense firstly 【M6】__________

studied by Indian and Japanese linguists in the 1930s, and also by Louis

Gauchat in Switzerland in early 1900s, but none received much attention 【M7】__________

in the West until much later. The study of the social motivation of

language change, on the other hand, has its foundation in the wave

model of the lately 19th century. The first attested use of the term 【M8】__________

sociolinguistics was by Thomas Callan Hodson in the title of his 1939

article “ Sociolinguistics in India” published in Man in India.

Sociolinguistics in the West first appeared in the 1960s and pioneered by 【M9】__________

linguists such as William Labov in the US and Basil Bernstein in the UK.

In the 1960s, William Stewart and Heinz Kloss introduced the basic

concepts for the sociolinguistic theory of pluricentric languages, which

describes what standard language varieties differ between nations. 【M10】_________

【M1】