In this part there is an essay in Chinese. Read it carefully then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the passage.

抗生素滥用

美国一女å­å› ä¸ºå°¿è·¯æ„ŸæŸ“去医院就医,éšåŽåŒ»ç”Ÿåœ¨å…¶ä½“内检查出了“超级细èŒ(super bacterium)â€ï¼Œè¿™ä¸ªç»†èŒå‡ ä¹Žå¯¹æ‰€æœ‰æ²»ç–—尿路感染的è¯ç‰©éƒ½è€å—,产生这ç§ç»†èŒçš„原因就是抗生素的滥用(antibiotic abuse)。那么滥用抗生素的å±å®³æœ‰å“ªäº›å‘¢?

抗生素通过æ€ç­æœ‰å®³ç»†èŒè€Œè¾¾åˆ°æ²»ç–—作用,但是细èŒä¹Ÿå¾ˆèªæ˜Žï¼Œå®ƒä»¬ä¼šä¸æ–­å’ŒæŠ—生素斗争,在斗争中增强自己的适应性,æå‡è‡ªå·±çš„存活能力。éšç€æŠ—生素的使用增多,我们体内的细èŒå°±è¶Šå¼ºï¼ŒæŠ—生素的作用就越å°ã€‚如果平时有个头疼脑热就用抗生素,那么当真é‡åˆ°éœ€è¦æŠ—ç”Ÿç´ æ²»ç–—çš„ç»†èŒæ—¶ï¼ŒæŠ—生素的帮助å¯èƒ½å°±å¾ˆæœ‰é™äº†ã€‚

众所周知,我们的肠胃里其实有很多èŒç¾¤(flora)。è¦çŸ¥é“,这些èŒç¾¤ä¹Ÿæ˜¯æˆ‘们身体å…疫系统的一部分,å¯ä»¥ä½¿æˆ‘们å…å—ç—…èŒä¾µå®³ã€‚长期æœç”¨æŠ—生素会使胃肠èŒç¾¤å¤±è¡¡ï¼Œä»Žè€Œå¯¼è‡´å…疫力éšä¹‹ä¸‹é™ã€‚这是因为我们æœç”¨çš„æŠ—ç”Ÿç´ ä¼šæ€æ­»ç»†èŒï¼Œä½†æ˜¯å®ƒå´ä¸ä¼šè¾¨åˆ«è¿™äº›ç»†èŒæ˜¯æœ‰ç›Šçš„还是有害的,会好å通åƒï¼Œæ°¸ä¹…改å˜å…疫功能和神ç»ç³»ç»Ÿã€‚滥用抗生素会导致儿童é­å—çœŸèŒæ„ŸæŸ“ï¼Œè¯±å‘æ¹¿ç–¹(eczema)ã€è¿‡æ•ã€å“®å–˜ç­‰ç–¾ç—…,尤其是三å²ä»¥ä¸‹å°å­©å¤„于生长å‘育期,一些器官组织尚未å‘展æˆç†Ÿï¼Œæ›´å®¹æ˜“å—到抗生素的永久伤害。

中国有å¥è€è¯ï¼Œâ€œæ˜¯è¯ä¸‰åˆ†æ¯’â€ã€‚大é‡ä½¿ç”¨æŠ—生素会对è‚è„和肾è„造æˆå¾ˆä¸¥é‡çš„负担。甚至一些抗生素对牙齿ã€éª¨éª¼ä¹Ÿæœ‰ä¼¤å®³ã€‚尤其是对一些身体å‘育还没有完全的儿童æ¥è¯´ã€‚æŠ—ç”Ÿç´ çš„ä½¿ç”¨æ›´æ˜¯è¦æ…Žé‡ï¼Œä¸è¦å¹³æ—¶æœ‰ä¸ªå¤´ç–¼è„‘热就使用抗生素类è¯ç‰©ï¼Œå¯¹èº«ä½“没什么好处。对于中国è€ç™¾å§“æ¥è¯´ï¼Œå¯¹å¾…伤风感冒这些å°ç—…è¦åšçš„æ˜¯å°½é‡å‡å°‘用è¯ï¼Œé€šè¿‡æå‡å…ç–«åŠ›æ¥æ¶ˆé™¤ç—…ç—‡ï¼Œè€Œä¸æ˜¯è€ƒè™‘用什么è¯å¥½å¾—快。

答案

Antibiotic Abuse

The abuse of antibiotics becomes prevalent as it is easy for us to approach. But people are also aware of the peril of too much use of it.

Firstly, the side effect of antibiotics is that it also enhances the adaptability and resistance of bacteria. The more antibiotics are used, the more tenacious the bacteria become. If the antibiotics are used at will, there will be no use to resort to antibiotics when it is absolutely necessary. Secondly, antibiotics will also destroy the living environment of gastrointestinal flora and make gastrointestinal flora unbalanced. Antibiotics kill not only harmful bacteria but also beneficial bacteria, permanently changing immune function and the nervous system. In addition, excessive use of antibiotics will also increase the burden of the liver and kidneys. Some antibiotics are even harmful to teeth and bones. For immature children, especially those under three years old, the harm of antibiotics even cannot be recovered.

More and more examples prove that the use of antibiotics should be more cautious. Don’t rely too much on antibiotics for some minor illnesses caused by colds. The best way we should choose is to eliminate the disease by improving our own immunity.

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