Since ancient times, China’s water resources, scarce in the north and abundant in the south, have been extremely unevenly distributed. To effectively address the severe water shortage in the northern regions, the Chinese government implemented the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. This is a grand water conservancy project designed for cross-regional allocation of water resources. After decades of planning and preparation, construction of the project began in 2002. It consists of three routes— eastern, middle, and western—totaling 4,350 kilometers in length, and is set to benefit over 400 million people. Since it began operation in 2014, the project has cumulatively diverted more than 50 billion cubic meters of water to the north, providing reliable water resources for the people in those areas. It has also greatly improved the ecological environment of the region and promoted sustainable and healthy economic development.