皮肤损伤,例如割伤、擦伤或刺伤,会杀死附近的细胞
损害底层结构并触发修复皮肤的复杂过程
伤口愈合是一个三步过程
受伤后立即开始炎症阶段
血管收缩以减少失血
然后,血小板到达并堵塞漏洞
血小板栓启动凝血机制
通过促进血浆蛋白(称为凝血因子)的反应
相互作用形成纤维蛋白凝块
血栓形成后,血管舒张
并变得更加多孔,使白细胞能够离开血管并在受伤部位聚集
在这个称为吞噬作用的过程中,
白细胞吞噬碎片并杀死细菌,
降低感染风险
增殖期在受伤后两天到三周开始
增殖阶段的第一步是颗粒化
结缔组织细胞,称为成纤维细胞,
铺设胶原蛋白基质,加固伤口并为其他细胞提供结构
然后胶原蛋白收缩,将伤口边缘拉合在一起
血管生成,或新血管的生长,
几乎同时开始,为修复细胞提供氧气
上皮化是保护性皮肤屏障的恢复
上皮细胞从伤口边缘迁移,
受到痂的保护,直到他们相遇
最终结痂脱落
重塑阶段在受伤后几周开始,可持续数年
在此阶段,伤口床上会形成新的、更有组织的胶原蛋白基质,并且毛细血管会消失,
留下无血管疤痕
伤口愈合的一种可能的并发症是疤痕疙瘩的形成
肉芽组织过度生长导致疤痕疙瘩
超出原来伤口的边界
疤痕疙瘩主要由胶原蛋白组成,生长缓慢
它们不会自发消退,并且在切除后往往会复发
疤痕疙瘩常见的初始治疗包括多次注射皮质类固醇,以帮助缩小疤痕的大小

An injury to the skin such as a cut scrape or puncture wound kills nearby cells
皮肤损伤,例如割伤、擦伤或刺伤,会杀死附近的细胞
and damages underlying structures and triggers the complex process of repairing the skin
损害底层结构并触发修复皮肤的复杂过程
Wound healing is a three step process
伤口愈合是一个三步过程
The inflammatory phase begins immediately upon injury
受伤后立即开始炎症阶段
Blood vessels constrict to reduce blood loss
血管收缩以减少失血
Then platelets arrive to plug the leak
然后,血小板到达并堵塞漏洞
The platelet plug initiates the clotting mechanism
血小板栓启动凝血机制
by facilitating the reactions of plasma proteins called clotting factors
通过促进血浆蛋白(称为凝血因子)的反应
which interact to form a fibrin clot
相互作用形成纤维蛋白凝块
After the clot forms the blood vessels vasodilate
血栓形成后,血管舒张
and become more porous to allow white blood cells to leave the blood vessel and populate at the site of injury
并变得更加多孔,使白细胞能够离开血管并在受伤部位聚集
During this process called phagocytosis
在这个称为吞噬作用的过程中,
white blood cells eat debris and kill bacteria
白细胞吞噬碎片并杀死细菌,
reducing the risk of infection
降低感染风险
The proliferative phase begins two days to three weeks after injury
增殖期在受伤后两天到三周开始
The first step in the proliferative stage is granulation
增殖阶段的第一步是颗粒化
Connective tissue cells called fibroblasts
结缔组织细胞,称为成纤维细胞,
lay a matrix of collagen that reinforces the wound and provides structure for other cells
铺设胶原蛋白基质,加固伤口并为其他细胞提供结构
Collagen then contracts to pull together the margins of the wound
然后胶原蛋白收缩,将伤口边缘拉合在一起
Angiogenesis or the growth of new blood vessels
血管生成,或新血管的生长,
begins almost simultaneously and supplies oxygen to the repairing cells
几乎同时开始,为修复细胞提供氧气
Epithelialization is the restoration of the protective skin barrier
上皮化是保护性皮肤屏障的恢复
Epithelial cells migrate from the margins of the wound
上皮细胞从伤口边缘迁移,
protected by the scab until they meet
受到痂的保护,直到他们相遇
Eventually the scab falls off
最终结痂脱落
The remodeling phase begins several weeks after the injury and can continue for years
重塑阶段在受伤后几周开始,可持续数年
During this phase a new more organized collagen matrix forms in the wound bed and capillaries disappear
在此阶段,伤口床上会形成新的、更有组织的胶原蛋白基质,并且毛细血管会消失,
leaving an avascular scar
留下无血管疤痕
One possible complication of wound healing is keloid formation
伤口愈合的一种可能的并发症是疤痕疙瘩的形成
A keloid results from an overgrowth of granulation tissue
肉芽组织过度生长导致疤痕疙瘩
extending beyond the borders of the original wound
超出原来伤口的边界
Composed of mostly collagen keloids are slow growing
疤痕疙瘩主要由胶原蛋白组成,生长缓慢
They do not regress spontaneously and tend to reoccur after excision
它们不会自发消退,并且在切除后往往会复发
A common initial treatment for keloids includes multiple injections of corticosteroids to help reduce the size of the scar
疤痕疙瘩常见的初始治疗包括多次注射皮质类固醇,以帮助缩小疤痕的大小
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