普通感冒_感冒_门捷列夫

The upper respiratory tract consists of the nose mouth pharynx and larynx

上呼吸道由鼻、口、咽、喉组成

As air passes through them these structures provide physical and immunologic barriers to infectious pathogens and other debris

当空气穿过它们时,这些结构为传染性病原体和其他碎片提供了物理和免疫屏障

In the nose viruses bacteria and other debris stick to the mucus in the nasal passageway

在鼻子里,病毒、细菌和其他碎片粘附在鼻腔通道的粘液上,

while the nasal mucosa warms and humidifies the air

而鼻粘膜则使空气变暖和湿润

The shape of the pharynx forces air to take a 90 degree turn downward

咽部的形状迫使空气向下旋转 90 度

Larger airborne particles can't make the turn

较大的空气颗粒无法转弯,

so they get caught in the mucosa of the posterior wall instead

所以它们会被后壁的粘膜卡住

The palatine and pharyngeal tonsil

腭和咽扁桃体

contain immune cells that engulf and destroy pathogens that land on them

含有吞噬并消灭落在其上的病原体的免疫细胞

Air then passes through the larynx on its way to the lower respiratory tract

然后空气通过喉部到达下呼吸道

The common cold also known as nasopharyngitis or acute rhinitis

普通感冒,也称为鼻咽炎或急性鼻炎

is the most common viral upper respiratory tract infection

是最常见的病毒性上呼吸道感染

Cold viruses most commonly the rhinovirus

感冒病毒,最常见的是鼻病毒,

enter the body when contaminated hands touch the nose or mouth

当被污染的手触摸鼻子或嘴巴时进入身体,

or when virus filled droplets in the air are inhaled

或者当吸入空气中充满病毒的飞沫时

Then the virus invades the mucus membrane of the upper airway

然后病毒侵入上呼吸道粘膜,

resulting in an inflammation of the invaded areas

导致受侵袭区域发炎

Inflammation of the nasal membranes can result in excessive mucus secretion

鼻粘膜发炎会导致粘液分泌过多,

nasal congestion inflammation of the paranasal sinuses itching and sneezing

鼻塞、鼻窦炎症、瘙痒和打喷嚏

Inflammation of the pharyngeal lining can result in a sore or scratchy throat

咽部炎症会导致喉咙痛或发痒,

and painful or difficult swallowing

以及吞咽疼痛或困难

Laryngeal involvement can result in a cough

喉部受累可导致咳嗽

There is no cure for the common cold so treatments focus on alleviating symptoms

普通感冒无法治愈,因此治疗重点是缓解症状

Common lifestyle modifications include rest and increased fluid intake

常见的生活方式改变包括休息和增加液体摄入量

Medical options include Ibuprofen for inflammation pain and fever

医疗选择包括用于治疗炎症、疼痛和发烧的布洛芬

Acetaminophen for pain and fever

对乙酰氨基酚,用于止痛和发烧

And oral decongestants or nasal sprays to relieve nasal symptoms

以及口服减充血剂或鼻喷雾剂来缓解鼻部症状

Antibiotics are not used as they're only effective against bacteria not viruses

不使用抗生素,因为它们只对细菌有效,对病毒无效

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