胃食管反流病（Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, GERD）是一种常见的消化系统疾病，特征为胃内容物（包括胃酸和胃内食物）异常反流至食管，导致食管黏膜受到胃酸的刺激和损伤。其发病机制主要涉及食管下括约肌功能障碍，如括约肌松弛过度、食管清除能力下降等。

胃食管反流病（GERD）的典型症状包括反酸、烧心、胸痛和喉咙痛，部分患者可能伴有吞咽困难、声音嘶哑、咳嗽等症状。长期未得到有效控制，可导致食管炎症、食管溃疡、Barrett食管，甚至发展为食管癌。胃食管反流病（GERD）不具有传染性，其发病与个人的生理结构、生活习惯和遗传因素等有关。

胃食管反流病（GERD）的治疗目标是控制症状，预防并发症。常用药物包括质子泵抑制剂（PPIs）、H2受体拮抗剂，以减少胃酸分泌；同时，生活方式的调整也至关重要，如减肥、戒烟、避免过量饮酒、避免睡前进食等。对于多数患者，通过药物治疗和生活方式调整，症状可以得到良好控制。但对于Barrett食管患者，需要长期监测，以早期发现可能的食管腺癌。预防胃食管反流病（GERD）的关键在于生活方式的调整，包括维持健康体重、避免高脂肪和高酸性食物、避免餐后立即躺下、减少咖啡因和酒精的摄入等。

Gastroesophageal reflux is a condition where the contents of your stomach reflux or leak back into your esophagus
胃食管反流是指胃内容物反流或漏回食道的情况
Acid in the stomach contents irritates your esophagus
胃内容物中的酸会刺激食道
This can cause a painful burning feeling in your chest called heartburn or acid indigestion
这可能会导致胸部出现灼痛感,称为胃灼热或酸性消化不良
If it happens more than twice a week for a few weeks
如果这种情况连续几周每周发生两次以上
you may have gastroesophageal reflux disease or GERD
您可能患有胃食管反流病或 GERD
Treatment options for GERD include lifestyle changes medications and surgical procedures
GERD 的治疗选择包括改变生活方式、药物治疗和外科手术
Making lifestyle changes can help you control GERD
改变生活方式可以帮助您控制胃食管反流病,
such as losing weight if you're overweight
比如如果你超重就减肥,
eating smaller meals
少食多餐,
avoiding certain foods and drinks such as coffee alcohol chocolate and fatty or greasy foods
避免某些食物和饮料,例如咖啡、酒精、巧克力和脂肪或油腻的食物
Staying upright for three hours after meals
饭后保持直立三个小时
Avoiding eating two to three hours before going to bed
睡前两到三个小时避免进食
Wearing loose fitting clothes around your waist to avoid squeezing your stomach
穿腰部宽松的衣服,避免挤压腹部,
which can push acid up into your esophagus
它会将胃酸推入食道,
and quitting smoking if you smoke
如果您吸烟,请戒烟
There are several types of medications that can help control your symptoms
有几种类型的药物可以帮助控制您的症状
Antacids help relieve heartburn by neutralizing the stomach acid that causes it
抗酸剂通过中和引起胃灼热的胃酸来帮助缓解胃灼热
H2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors relieve symptoms by reducing the amount of acid produced in your stomach
H2 阻滞剂和质子泵抑制剂通过减少胃中产生的酸量来缓解症状
Proton pump inhibitors or PPIs
质子泵抑制剂或 PPI
also help heal damage to your esophagus caused by reflux
还有助于治愈反流引起的食道损伤
Prokinetics can help your stomach empty faster so that its contents don't back up into your esophagus
促动力可以帮助您的胃更快排空,这样胃内容物就不会倒流到食道中
You may need a combination of these medicines to control your symptoms
您可能需要结合使用这些药物来控制您的症状
If lifestyle changes and medication aren't working or if you have a hiatal hernia
如果生活方式的改变和药物治疗不起作用,或者您患有食管裂孔疝,
your healthcare provider may advise a surgical procedure called fundoplication
您的医疗保健提供者可能会建议进行称为胃底折叠术的外科手术
A hiatal hernia is a condition where part of your stomach bulges up through your diaphragm
食管裂孔疝是一种胃的一部分通过膈肌隆起的病症
During the procedure if you have a hiatal hernia
在手术过程中,如果您患有食管裂孔疝,
your surgeon will move your stomach back to its proper place
您的外科医生会将您的胃移回正确的位置
Then your surgeon may tighten the opening in your diaphragm with stitches
然后,您的外科医生可能会用缝线收紧隔膜上的开口
to prevent your stomach from bulging up through it
以防止你的胃通过它凸出
Next the upper part of your stomach will be wrapped around your lower esophagus
接下来,胃的上半部分将包裹住下食道
It will be held there with stitches
它将用缝线固定在那里
This helps prevent stomach contents from leaking back into your esophagus
这有助于防止胃内容物漏回食道
To find out more about treatments for gastroesophageal reflux disease
要了解有关胃食管反流病治疗的更多信息,
talk to your healthcare provider
与您的医疗保健提供者交谈
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