左右冠状动脉起源于主动脉,负责向心脏输送血液、营养和氧气。
冠状动脉疾病,亦称为CAD,
是一种单支或双支冠状动脉无法再向心肌输送足够血液和氧气的病理状态。
在血液中,
胆固醇(一种在肝脏合成并从饮食中获取的脂质)与脂肪酸化合物
如甘油三酯
会与低密度脂蛋白(称为LDL)
或高密度脂蛋白(称为HDL)结合,
并在全身循环。
当冠状动脉的内皮内膜受损时,
与LDL结合的胆固醇和甘油三酯会附着在动脉壁上。
LDL(亦称为坏胆固醇)和甘油三酯在动脉壁内的积聚形成一种称为脂质条纹的病变,
并引发免疫反应。
单核细胞进入病变部位并转化为巨噬细胞。
这些细胞吞噬胆固醇后变为泡沫细胞,
形成一个带有脂质核心的粥样斑块(或称粥瘤)。
这种涉及动脉壁内脂肪斑块积聚和异常细胞变化的炎症过程称为动脉粥样硬化,是CAD的一个主要病因。
随着时间的推移,晚期的动脉粥样硬化斑块可能变得脆弱并破裂。
在炎症反应中,血小板和红细胞会形成一种称为血栓的血凝块,阻塞动脉。
血流不足(称为缺血)随之发生,并可能最终导致组织死亡(称为梗死)。
CAD的治疗可涉及降脂药物,
例如HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂(或称他汀类药物),
它们能抑制肝脏中的胆固醇合成
并帮助从血液中清除LDL胆固醇。
阿司匹林和其他抗血小板药物通过减少血小板聚集来预防血栓形成。
β-受体阻滞剂类药物可减慢心率,从而改善心肌的血氧供应。
血管成形术也称为经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)、经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)或球囊血管成形术。
在此过程中,医生将一根导丝穿入股动脉并进入主动脉。
医生将一根带有一个小气囊的导管送入狭窄的冠状动脉管腔内。
当气囊先膨胀后收缩时,它将斑块压平在动脉壁上,从而打开管腔。
在某些情况下,一个称为血管内支架的网状管可被放置在气囊上,随后在动脉内展开以维持管腔通畅。

The right and left coronary arteries arise from the aorta and supply the heart with blood nutrients and oxygen.
左右冠状动脉起源于主动脉,负责向心脏输送血液、营养和氧气·
Coronary artery disease also known as CAD
冠状动脉疾病,亦称为CAD,
is a condition in which one or both coronary arteries can no longer deliver sufficient blood and oxygen to the heart muscle.
是一种单支或双支冠状动脉无法再向心肌输送足够血液和氧气的病理状态·
In the bloodstream
在血液中,
cholesterol a lipid synthesized in the liver and obtained from the diet and fatty acid compounds
胆固醇(一种在肝脏合成并从饮食中获取的脂质)与脂肪酸化合物
such as triglycerides
如甘油三酯
bind to either low density lipoprotein called LDL
会与低密度脂蛋白(称为LDL)
or high density lipoprotein called HDL
或高密度脂蛋白(称为HDL)结合,
and circulate throughout the body.
并在全身循环·
When the endothelial lining of the coronary arteries becomes damaged
当冠状动脉的内皮内膜受损时,
LDL bound cholesterol and triglycerides adhere to the artery wall.
与LDL结合的胆固醇和甘油三酯会附着在动脉壁上·
The build up of LDL also known as bad cholesterol and triglycerides inside the artery wall forms a lesion called a fatty streak
LDL(亦称为坏胆固醇)和甘油三酯在动脉壁内的积聚形成一种称为脂质条纹的病变,
and triggers an immune response.
并引发免疫反应·
Monocytes enter the lesion and transform into macrophages.
单核细胞进入病变部位并转化为巨噬细胞·
These cells digest cholesterol and become foam cells
这些细胞吞噬胆固醇后变为泡沫细胞,
forming an atheroma or plaque with a lipid core.
形成一个带有脂质核心的粥样斑块(或称粥瘤)·
This inflammatory process involving fatty plaque accumulation and abnormal cellular changes in artery walls is called atherosclerosis and is a major cause of CAD.
这种涉及动脉壁内脂肪斑块积聚和异常细胞变化的炎症过程称为动脉粥样硬化,是CAD的一个主要病因·
Over time an advanced atherosclerotic plaque may weaken and rupture.
随着时间的推移,晚期的动脉粥样硬化斑块可能变得脆弱并破裂·
In an inflammatory response platelets and erythrocytes form a blood clot called a thrombus occluding the artery.
在炎症反应中,血小板和红细胞会形成一种称为血栓的血凝块,阻塞动脉·
Insufficient blood flow called ischemia occurs and may eventually lead to tissue death known as infarction.
血流不足(称为缺血)随之发生,并可能最终导致组织死亡(称为梗死)·
Treatment for CAD can involve lipid lowering medications
CAD的治疗可涉及降脂药物,
such as HMG CoA reductase inhibitors or statins
例如HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂(或称他汀类药物),
which inhibit cholesterol synthesis in the liver
它们能抑制肝脏中的胆固醇合成
and help remove LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream.
并帮助从血液中清除LDL胆固醇·
Aspirin and other antiplatelet medications prevent thrombus formation by reducing platelet aggregation.
阿司匹林和其他抗血小板药物通过减少血小板聚集来预防血栓形成·
Beta blocker medications slow down the heart rate improving blood and oxygen supply to the myocardium.
β-受体阻滞剂类药物可减慢心率,从而改善心肌的血氧供应·
Angioplasty is also known as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or PTCA percutaneous coronary intervention or PCI or balloon angioplasty.
血管成形术也称为经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)、经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)或球囊血管成形术·
During the procedure the physician threads a guide wire into the femoral artery and into the aorta.
在此过程中,医生将一根导丝穿入股动脉并进入主动脉·
The physician passes a catheter with a small balloon into the narrowed coronary artery lumen.
医生将一根带有一个小气囊的导管送入狭窄的冠状动脉管腔内·
When the balloon is inflated then deflated it flattens the plaque against the artery wall opening the lumen.
当气囊先膨胀后收缩时,它将斑块压平在动脉壁上,从而打开管腔·
In some cases a wire mesh tube called an endovascular stent may be placed over the balloon and then expanded inside the artery to maintain the open lumen.
在某些情况下,一个称为血管内支架的网状管可被放置在气囊上,随后在动脉内展开以维持管腔通畅·
内容操作
视频
教程课件
单词卡片