炎症是对组织损伤或感染的局部免疫反应，
表现为发热、发红、水肿、疼痛和功能丧失
受伤后立即
炎症始于局部血管短暂收缩以减少失血
并形成凝块以止血
然后，在细胞损伤和死亡的刺激下，局部细胞释放血管活性化学物质，
例如前列腺素和组胺可扩张局部血管，从而增加该区域的血流量
这些化学物质还会导致小血管中的内皮细胞收缩，从而打开它们之间的空间
这种增加的毛细血管通透性允许液体和蛋白质从血液进入组织
接下来，在称为趋化性的多阶段过程中，
称为中性粒细胞的循环免疫细胞从血管移至受伤部位
并消灭病原体和受损细胞
当损伤部位的细胞释放称为趋化剂的信使分子时，趋化作用开始，
导致局部内皮细胞和循环中性粒细胞粘在一起
接下来，在称为血细胞渗出的过程中，中性粒细胞挤过内皮间隙
中性粒细胞遵循趋化梯度迁移至损伤部位
到达后，中性粒细胞遇到细菌，
吞噬它们并通过吞噬作用消化它们
消灭细菌并清除细胞废物后，
当局部产生的生长因子导致局部成纤维细胞开始快速分裂时，组织修复就开始了
并分泌大量胶原蛋白来加固伤口
抗炎药通过阻止炎症化学物质的产生来抑制炎症
最常见的治疗炎症的药物是非甾体类抗炎药，
或非甾体抗炎药，
例如阿司匹林和布洛芬
它们含有一种叫做环氧合酶或COX的酶，
抑制前列腺素和其他几种炎症化学物质的产生
因此，减少与炎症相关的血管舒张、水肿和疼痛

Inflammation is a local immune response to tissue injury or infection
炎症是对组织损伤或感染的局部免疫反应,
experienced as heat redness edema pain and loss of function
表现为发热、发红、水肿、疼痛和功能丧失
Immediately after injury
受伤后立即
inflammation begins with brief vasoconstriction of the local blood vessels to reduce blood loss
炎症始于局部血管短暂收缩以减少失血
and formation of a clot to stop the bleeding
并形成凝块以止血
Then stimulated by cell injury and death local cells release vasoactive chemicals
然后,在细胞损伤和死亡的刺激下,局部细胞释放血管活性化学物质,
such as prostaglandins and histamine to dilate local blood vessels leading to increased blood flow to the area
例如前列腺素和组胺可扩张局部血管,从而增加该区域的血流量
These chemicals also cause endothelial cells in small blood vessels to contract opening spaces between them
这些化学物质还会导致小血管中的内皮细胞收缩,从而打开它们之间的空间
This increased capillary permeability allows fluids and proteins to pass from the blood into the tissue
这种增加的毛细血管通透性允许液体和蛋白质从血液进入组织
Next during a multi stage process called chemotaxis
接下来,在称为趋化性的多阶段过程中,
circulating immune cells called neutrophils move out of the blood vessels to the site of injury
称为中性粒细胞的循环免疫细胞从血管移至受伤部位
and destroy pathogens and damaged cells
并消灭病原体和受损细胞
Chemotaxis begins when cells at the injury site release messenger molecules called chemoattractants
当损伤部位的细胞释放称为趋化剂的信使分子时,趋化作用开始,
which cause local endothelial cells and circulating neutrophils to stick together
导致局部内皮细胞和循环中性粒细胞粘在一起
Next in a process called diapedesis neutrophils squeeze through the endothelial gaps
接下来,在称为血细胞渗出的过程中,中性粒细胞挤过内皮间隙
The neutrophils migrate to the injury site by following a chemotactic gradient
中性粒细胞遵循趋化梯度迁移至损伤部位
Upon arrival the neutrophils encounter bacteria
到达后,中性粒细胞遇到细菌,
engulf them and digest them in a process called phagocytosis
吞噬它们并通过吞噬作用消化它们
After destruction of the bacteria and removal of cellular waste
消灭细菌并清除细胞废物后,
tissue repair begins when locally produced growth factors cause local fibroblasts to begin dividing rapidly
当局部产生的生长因子导致局部成纤维细胞开始快速分裂时,组织修复就开始了
and secreting large quantities of collagen to reinforce the wound
并分泌大量胶原蛋白来加固伤口
Anti inflammatory drugs inhibit inflammation by blocking production of inflammatory chemicals
抗炎药通过阻止炎症化学物质的产生来抑制炎症
The most common drugs for inflammation are non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs
最常见的治疗炎症的药物是非甾体类抗炎药,
or NSAIDS
或非甾体抗炎药,
such as aspirin and ibuprofen
例如阿司匹林和布洛芬
They contain an enzyme called cyclooxygenase or COX
它们含有一种叫做环氧合酶或COX的酶,
that inhibits the production of prostaglandins and several other inflammatory chemicals
抑制前列腺素和其他几种炎症化学物质的产生
Thus reducing vasodilation edema and pain associated with inflammation
因此,减少与炎症相关的血管舒张、水肿和疼痛
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