脑震荡是由于头部剧烈撞击而导致的脑损伤
或快速头部加速减速
大脑是一个柔软而有弹性的器官,
并需要物理保护免受环境影响
颅腔壁提供了坚硬的外部屏障,免受外界影响
在颅骨内部,大脑漂浮并被脑脊液包围
脑脊液提供保护垫
当头部的日常运动轻轻地推挤大脑时
头部受到猛烈撞击或快速加速减速
会导致大脑旋转并撞击头骨内部
这种伤害会压迫大脑
并从撞击点发出涟漪般的冲击波
冲击力拉伸或撕裂神经元轴突,
导致轻微的创伤性脑损伤
称为弥漫性轴突剪切
这种损伤会损害正常的大脑功能
因为它会中断神经元之间的通讯
脑震荡的身体症状包括
头痛
恶心
肌肉协调性差
头晕
光敏感性和视力模糊,
耳鸣并失去知觉
认知和情绪症状包括
迷失方向
困惑
健忘症
无法集中注意力,
易怒
和抑郁症
脑震荡的治疗取决于症状的严重程度和持续时间
轻度脑震荡需要充分休息
增加液体,
并密切监测症状 24 至 48 小时
虽然是温和的止痛药,
可以开处方,例如对乙酰氨基酚或布洛芬,
应避免饮酒和非法药物
严重脑震荡需要立即进行专业医疗评估
在许多情况下,类固醇用于减少大脑肿胀和炎症
大脑 CT 扫描或 MRI
可能需要排除严重的内部损伤或出血
严重的内部损伤或出血

A concussion is a brain injury resulting from a violent head impact
脑震荡是由于头部剧烈撞击而导致的脑损伤
or rapid head acceleration deceleration
或快速头部加速减速
The brain is a soft and pliable organ
大脑是一个柔软而有弹性的器官,
and requires physical protection from the environment
并需要物理保护免受环境影响
The walls of the cranial cavity provide a hard external shield from outside impacts
颅腔壁提供了坚硬的外部屏障,免受外界影响
Inside the cranium the brain floats in and is surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid
在颅骨内部,大脑漂浮并被脑脊液包围
Cerebrospinal fluid provides a protective cushion
脑脊液提供保护垫
as everyday movements of the head gently jostle the brain
当头部的日常运动轻轻地推挤大脑时
A violent impact or rapid acceleration deceleration of the head
头部受到猛烈撞击或快速加速减速
can cause the brain to rotate and strike the inside of the skull
会导致大脑旋转并撞击头骨内部
This injury compresses the brain
这种伤害会压迫大脑
and sends shock waves rippling away from the point of impact
并从撞击点发出涟漪般的冲击波
The impact force stretches or tears neuronal axons
冲击力拉伸或撕裂神经元轴突,
resulting in a mild form of the traumatic brain injury
导致轻微的创伤性脑损伤
called diffuse axonal shearing
称为弥漫性轴突剪切
This injury compromises normal brain function
这种损伤会损害正常的大脑功能
because it interrupts communication between neurons
因为它会中断神经元之间的通讯
Physical symptoms of concussion include
脑震荡的身体症状包括
headache
头痛
nausea
恶心
poor muscle coordination
肌肉协调性差
dizziness
头晕
light sensitivity and blurred vision
光敏感性和视力模糊,
ringing in the ears and loss of consciousness
耳鸣并失去知觉
Cognitive and emotional symptoms include
认知和情绪症状包括
disorientation
迷失方向
confusion
困惑
amnesia
健忘症
inability to focus and concentrate
无法集中注意力,
irritability
易怒
and depression
和抑郁症
Treatment for concussion depends on the severity and duration of symptoms
脑震荡的治疗取决于症状的严重程度和持续时间
Mild concussions require plenty of rest
轻度脑震荡需要充分休息
increased fluids
增加液体,
and close monitoring of symptoms for 24 to 48 hours
并密切监测症状 24 至 48 小时
Although mild pain medication
虽然是温和的止痛药,
such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen may be prescribed
可以开处方,例如对乙酰氨基酚或布洛芬,
alcohol and illegal drugs should be avoided
应避免饮酒和非法药物
Severe concussions require immediate professional medical evaluation
严重脑震荡需要立即进行专业医疗评估
In many cases steroids are used to decrease swelling and inflammation in the brain
在许多情况下,类固醇用于减少大脑肿胀和炎症
A CT scan or MRI of the brain
大脑 CT 扫描或 MRI
may be needed to rule out gross internal damage or hemorrhages
可能需要排除严重的内部损伤或出血
gross internal damage or hemorrhages
严重的内部损伤或出血
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