2型糖尿病的治疗选择_糖尿病

1型糖尿病
视频： 1型糖尿病

对于 2 型糖尿病患者来说，改变生活方式是重要的第一步，可以帮助您控制高血糖。
这些改变甚至可以帮助您预防、延缓或逆转疾病
改变生活方式包括健康饮食、定期锻炼、减肥和不吸烟。
您可能还需要检查血糖、胆固醇和血压，确保它们在目标范围内，以帮助降低 2 型糖尿病并发症的风险
如果改变生活方式仍不能控制血糖，医护人员会根据需要为您开药
健康饮食有助于降低血糖水平
您可以通过多吃水果、蔬菜和全谷物食品来达到这一目的
每天在差不多相同的时间进餐和吃零食
碳水化合物是人体用来制造能量的物质
向您的保健医生咨询适合您的碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪平衡膳食，并减少高糖食物的摄入量
定期锻炼，哪怕每天只锻炼 30 分钟，也能降低血糖水平并减轻体重。
在开始运动计划前，请咨询您的保健医生
超重是罹患 2 型糖尿病的一个重要风险因素
如果您体内有大量内脏脂肪，情况尤其如此
这是您看不到的脂肪，环绕在腹部器官周围。
好消息是，通过饮食和运动，只要减轻 5%-7%的体重，就能显著改善您的血糖水平。
您可能需要服用一种或多种口服或注射糖尿病药物来帮助降低血糖
例如，二甲双胍可降低肝脏产生的糖量
它还能使肌肉组织对胰岛素更加敏感
磺脲类药物可增加胰腺的胰岛素释放量
噻唑烷二酮类使脂肪肌肉组织对胰岛素更敏感
它们还能减少肝脏的糖分分泌
α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂在小肠中发挥作用，阻止淀粉类食物的分解，并减缓某些糖类的吸收。
这能防止您进食后血糖上升过快
DPP-4 抑制剂能让消化系统中有益的化学物质保持更长时间的活性
这些化学物质有助于降低血糖水平
当您进食时，GLP-1 受体激动剂会增加胰腺的胰岛素释放量
它们还能减缓消化速度
SGLT2 抑制剂可增加从体内和尿液中排出的糖量
如果您的糖尿病无法通过饮食、运动和其他药物得到控制，您的保健医生可能还会考虑使用胰岛素。
注射胰岛素有助于替代您体内正常产生的胰岛素
医护人员会训练您在皮下注射胰岛素
您可能需要用血糖仪检查血液中的糖分水平
请咨询医护人员检查的频率
为此，您需要用一种叫做 “柳叶刀 ”的小针头刺破手指
然后，按照血糖仪提供的说明，将一滴血滴入血糖仪中
根据您的血糖水平，您可能需要在医护人员的指导下调整膳食、体力活动或药物剂量。
通过治疗和控制血糖水平，您可以帮助预防 2 型糖尿病的并发症。
如需了解有关 2 型糖尿病治疗的更多信息，请咨询您的保健医生

For type 2 diabetes lifestyle changes are important first steps that can help you control high blood glucose or sugar

对于2型糖尿病患者来说,改变生活方式是重要的第一步,可以帮助您控制高血糖·

These changes may even help you prevent delay or reverse the disease

这些改变甚至可以帮助您预防、延缓或逆转疾病

Lifestyle changes include eating a healthy diet regular exercise losing weight and not smoking

改变生活方式包括健康饮食、定期锻炼、减肥和不吸烟·

You may also need to check your blood sugar cholesterol and blood pressure to make sure they're within the target range to help reduce your risk of complications from type 2 diabetes

您可能还需要检查血糖、胆固醇和血压,确保它们在目标范围内,以帮助降低 2 型糖尿病并发症的风险

If lifestyle changes aren't controlling your blood sugar your healthcare practitioner will prescribe medicines as necessary

如果改变生活方式仍不能控制血糖,医护人员会根据需要为您开药

Eating a healthy diet may help to lower your blood sugar level

健康饮食有助于降低血糖水平

You can help do this by eating a diet with fruits vegetables and whole grains

您可以通过多吃水果、蔬菜和全谷物食品来达到这一目的

Have meals and snacks about the same time every day

每天在差不多相同的时间进餐和吃零食

Carbohydrates are substances your body uses to make energy

碳水化合物是人体用来制造能量的物质

Ask your healthcare practitioner about meals with the right balance of carbohydrates proteins and fats for you and reduce your intake of high sugar foods

向您的保健医生咨询适合您的碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪平衡膳食,并减少高糖食物的摄入量

Getting regular exercise even just 30 minutes a day may lower your blood sugar level and may lead to weight loss

定期锻炼,哪怕每天只锻炼 30 分钟,也能降低血糖水平并减轻体重·

Talk to your healthcare practitioner before starting an exercise program

在开始运动计划前,请咨询您的保健医生

Being overweight is an important risk factor for having type 2 diabetes

超重是罹患 2 型糖尿病的一个重要风险因素

This is especially true if you have a lot of visceral fat

如果您体内有大量内脏脂肪,情况尤其如此

This is the fat you can't see that surrounds the organs inside your belly

这是您看不到的脂肪,环绕在腹部器官周围·

The good news is that through diet and exercise losing as little as 5% to 7% of your body weight can help significantly improve your blood sugar levels

好消息是,通过饮食和运动,只要减轻 5%-7%的体重,就能显著改善您的血糖水平·

You may need to take one or more oral or injectable diabetic medicines to help lower blood sugar

您可能需要服用一种或多种口服或注射糖尿病药物来帮助降低血糖

For example metformin lowers the amount of sugar produced by your liver

例如,二甲双胍可降低肝脏产生的糖量

It also makes your muscle tissue more sensitive to insulin

它还能使肌肉组织对胰岛素更加敏感

Sulfonylureas increase insulin release from your pancreas

磺脲类药物可增加胰腺的胰岛素释放量

Thiazolidinediones make your fatty muscle tissue more sensitive to insulin

噻唑烷二酮类使脂肪肌肉组织对胰岛素更敏感

They also reduce sugar production in your liver

它们还能减少肝脏的糖分分泌

Alpha glucosidase inhibitors work in your small intestine to block the breakdown of starchy foods and slow the absorption of some sugars

α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂在小肠中发挥作用,阻止淀粉类食物的分解,并减缓某些糖类的吸收·

This keeps your blood sugar from going up too fast after you eat

这能防止您进食后血糖上升过快

DPP 4 inhibitors let helpful chemicals in your digestive system stay active longer

DPP-4 抑制剂能让消化系统中有益的化学物质保持更长时间的活性

These chemicals help lower your blood sugar level

这些化学物质有助于降低血糖水平

GLP 1 receptor agonists increase insulin release from your pancreas when you're eating

当您进食时,GLP-1 受体激动剂会增加胰腺的胰岛素释放量

They also slow digestion

它们还能减缓消化速度

And SGLT2 inhibitors increase the amount of sugar removed from your body and urine

SGLT2 抑制剂可增加从体内和尿液中排出的糖量

If your diabetes cannot be controlled with diet exercise and other medicines your healthcare practitioner may also consider insulin

如果您的糖尿病无法通过饮食、运动和其他药物得到控制,您的保健医生可能还会考虑使用胰岛素·

Insulin that you inject helps to replace the insulin your body would normally produce

注射胰岛素有助于替代您体内正常产生的胰岛素

A healthcare practitioner will train you to inject it just under your skin

医护人员会训练您在皮下注射胰岛素

You may need to check the level of sugar in your blood with a blood glucose meter

您可能需要用血糖仪检查血液中的糖分水平

Ask your healthcare practitioner how often to check

请咨询医护人员检查的频率

To do this you will prick your finger with a small needle called a lancet

为此,您需要用一种叫做 "柳叶刀 "的小针头刺破手指

Then you will place a drop of blood in the blood glucose meter following the directions provided with your meter

然后,按照血糖仪提供的说明,将一滴血滴入血糖仪中

Based on your blood sugar level you may need to adjust your meals physical activity or medicine dose as directed by your healthcare practitioner

根据您的血糖水平,您可能需要在医护人员的指导下调整膳食、体力活动或药物剂量·

By treating and controlling your blood sugar level you may help prevent the complications from type 2 diabetes

通过治疗和控制血糖水平,您可以帮助预防 2 型糖尿病的并发症·

For more information about treatment for type 2 diabetes talk to your healthcare practitioner

如需了解有关 2 型糖尿病治疗的更多信息,请咨询您的保健医生